Momwe mungapangire galasi, ndi njira zotani zopangira magalasi Cn mkonzi akuwonetsa njira zotsatirazi.
1. Kuphatikizira: molingana ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zidapangidwa, yezani zopangira zosiyanasiyana ndikusakaniza molingana mu chosakaniza.Zida zazikulu zamagalasi ndi: mchenga wa quartz, miyala yamchere, feldspar, phulusa la soda, boric acid, etc.
2. Kusungunuka, zopangira zokonzeka zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kwambiri kuti apange galasi lamadzimadzi lopanda yunifolomu.Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ya thupi ndi mankhwala.Kusungunuka kwa galasi kumachitika mu ng'anjo.Pali makamaka mitundu iwiri ya Ng'anjo: imodzi ndi ng'anjo yowonongeka, yomwe frit imayikidwa mu crucible ndikutenthedwa kunja kwa crucible.Chophimba chimodzi chokha chikhoza kuikidwa mu ng'anjo yaing'ono, ndipo mpaka 20 crucible akhoza kuikidwa mu ng'anjo yaikulu.Crucible kiln ndi kupanga mipata, ndipo tsopano magalasi owala okha ndi magalasi amtundu amapangidwa mu uvuni wowotchera.Zina ndi ng'anjo ya thanki, momwe frit imasungunuka mu dziwe la ng'anjo ndikutenthedwa ndi moto wotseguka pamwamba pa mlingo wamadzimadzi a galasi.Kutentha kwa galasi losungunuka kwambiri ndi 1300 ~ 1600 ゜ C. Ambiri a iwo amatenthedwa ndi moto, ndipo ochepa amatenthedwa ndi magetsi, omwe amatchedwa ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi.Tsopano, zowotchera tanki zimapangidwa mosalekeza.Zowotchera matanki ang'onoang'ono zimatha kukhala mamita angapo, ndipo zazikulu zimatha kukhala zazikulu kuposa 400 metres.
3. Kupanga ndiko kusinthika kwa galasi losungunuka kukhala zinthu zolimba zokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika.Kupanga kumatha kuchitika mkati mwa kutentha kwina, komwe ndi njira yozizira.Galasi imayamba kusintha kuchoka ku viscous fluid kupita ku pulasitiki, kenako kukhala yolimba kwambiri.Njira zopangira zitha kugawidwa m'mapangidwe amanja ndi kupanga makina.
A. Kupanga kupanga.Palinso (1) kuwomba, pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha nickel chromium alloy blowing, kutola mpira wagalasi ndikuwuzira uku akutembenuza nkhungu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupanga thovu lagalasi, mabotolo, mipira (yagalasi), ndi zina zotero (2) Kujambula: pambuyo powombera mu thovu, wogwira ntchito wina amakakamira ndi mbale yapamwamba.Anthu awiriwa amawomba pamene akukoka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga machubu agalasi kapena ndodo.(3) Kanikizani, nyamulani galasi, dulani ndi lumo kuti mugwere mu nkhungu ya concave, ndiyeno mukanize ndi nkhonya.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makapu, mbale, etc. (4) Kupanga kwaulere, kutola zipangizo ndi kupanga mwachindunji ntchito zamanja ndi pliers, lumo, tweezers ndi zida zina.
B. Kupanga makina.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kutentha kwambiri komanso kusauka kwa mapangidwe opangira, ambiri asinthidwa ndi kupanga makina kupatula kupanga kwaulere.Kuwonjezera pa kukanikiza, kuwomba ndi kujambula, makina kupanga alinso (1) calendering njira, amene ntchito kupanga wandiweyani lathyathyathya galasi, chosema galasi, waya galasi, etc. (2) Kuponya njira kutulutsa galasi kuwala.
C. (3) Centrifugal kuponyera njira ntchito kupanga lalikulu m'mimba mwake machubu galasi, ziwiya ndi lalikulu mphamvu anachita miphika.Uku ndikulowetsa galasi losungunuka mu nkhungu yozungulira kwambiri.Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal, galasi limamatira ku khoma la nkhungu, ndipo kusinthasintha kumapitirira mpaka galasi liwume.(4) Njira ya sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi a thovu.Ndi kuwonjezera thovu ku galasi ufa ndi kutentha mu nkhungu yokutidwa zitsulo.Ma thovu ambiri otsekedwa amapangidwa powotchera galasi, yomwe ndi yabwino kutentha kutentha komanso kutulutsa mawu.Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga galasi lathyathyathya kumaphatikizapo njira yojambulira yoyima, njira yojambulira yosalala ndi njira yoyandama.Njira yoyandama ndi njira yomwe imalola galasi lamadzimadzi kuyandama pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunuka (TIN) kupanga galasi lathyathyathya.Ubwino wake waukulu ndigalasi yapamwamba (yosalala ndi yowala), kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu.
4. Pambuyo pa annealing, galasi limakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe pakupanga, zomwe zimasiya kupsinjika kwa kutentha mu galasi.Kupsinjika kwamafuta kumeneku kudzachepetsa mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta azinthu zamagalasi.Ngati itazizidwa molunjika, imatha kuphulika yokha pakazizira kapena kusungidwa pambuyo pake, kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito (komwe kumadziwika kuti kuphulika kozizira kwa galasi).Pofuna kuthetsa kuphulika kozizira, zinthu zamagalasi ziyenera kutsekedwa pambuyo popanga.Annealing ndi kusunga kutentha mumtundu wina wa kutentha kapena kuchepetsa kwa kanthawi kuti athetse kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha mugalasi kufika pamtengo wovomerezeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zamagalasi zimatha kuumitsidwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu.Kuphatikizirapo: kuumitsa thupi (kuzimitsa), komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalasi okulirapo, magalasi apamtunda, zowonera pamagalimoto agalimoto, ndi zina zambiri;Ndipo stiffening mankhwala (ion kuwombola), ntchito galasi chivundikiro cha wotchi, galasi ndege, etc. Mfundo stiffening ndi kubala compressive kupsyinjika pamwamba wosanjikiza galasi kuonjezera mphamvu zake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2022
